President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. [55] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. The dialect was spoken mainly in the Colonia Department, where the first pilgrims settled, in the city called La Paz. Other venues saw considerably smaller crowds. [1] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [22] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. [22], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmío's Los días con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Díez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. Not counting the Maracanã matches, the average attendance was a still-impressive 37,500; however, the only venues that saw crowds comparable to or greater than those in recent World Cups were the Maracanã and São Paulo. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of pie filled with quince jelly), Chajá (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). [32], In accordance with the 1851 treaties, Brazil intervened militarily in Uruguay as often as it deemed necessary. The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter. (eds.) [54], Uruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [46] The mobile phone market is shared by the state-owned ANTEL and two private companies, Movistar and Claro. [32] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. The FIFA World Cup is the most prestigious soccer competition in the world. [31] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubén Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. La edición de 1950 fue, por lo tanto, la única de la historia en la que no se celebró una final, si bien el Uruguay contra Brasil de la última jornada terminó siendo el partido decisivo. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. Identification. [46], Vázquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry of Social Development and sought to reduce the country's poverty rate with a $240 million National Plan to Address the Social Emergency (PANES), which provided a monthly conditional cash transfer of approximately $75 to over 100,000 households in extreme poverty. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. [22] The book continues to influence young writers. [142] Its national team qualified for the Basketball World Cup 7 times, more often than other countries in South America, except Brazil and Argentina. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighbouring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. Numerous radio stations and musical events reflect the popularity of rock music and the Caribbean genres, known as música tropical ("tropical music"). [22] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. ", "Histórias IncrÃveis: México veste camisa de time gaúcho na Copa de 50", "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [74], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The final group's six matches were shared between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It borders Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, with the Río de la Plata (Silver River) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Before independence, it was known as Banda Oriental del Uruguay .The name "Uruguay" is a Guaraní word meaning "river of shellfish," or "river the uru birds come from." [2] Brazil and Germany had been the leading bidders to host the cancelled 1942 World Cup; since both the 1934 and 1938 tournaments had been held in Europe, football historians generally agree that the 1942 event would most likely have been awarded to a South American host country. [70] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235 km2 (91 sq mi) Invernada River region near Masoller. [22] Búsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. [100], The Telecommunications industry is more developed than in most other Latin American countries, being the first country in the Americas to achieve complete digital telephony coverage in 1997. Brazil 1950. Uruguay is home to the Uruguayan savanna terrestrial ecoregion. [115], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. José Enrique Rodó (1871–1917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. [1] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. In the aftermath of the war, much of Europe lay in ruins. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. [138] Uruguay has won the Copa América (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) more than any other country, their victory in 2011 making a total of 15 Copa Américas won. [24] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. [52] According to the Köppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). [79] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 2004–2008 period. [141] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country.[141]. [22] People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total. Uruguay has a ⦠This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (1973–1985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources.[58]. Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. Montevideo was occupied by a British force from February to September 1807. [14] Un año más tarde, en el congreso de Londres, la FIFA decidió hacer el sorteo de los grupos antes de ⦠[22] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. The Brazilian intervention in May 1851 on behalf of the Colorados, combined with the uprising, changed the situation and Oribe was defeated. [24] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. [29] After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". [122] Hence, several teams were obliged to cover large distances to complete their programme, although Brazil was allowed to play two of its three group matches in Rio de Janeiro while its other group game was held in the relatively nearby city of São Paulo. [37], The Colorado leader José Batlle y Ordóñez was elected president in 1903. Brazil won their first two matches with a 7â1 thrashing of Sweden and 6â1 rout of Spain, putting them on top of the group with one game left to play against Uruguay; in second and only a point behind. The average attendance of nearly 61,000 per game, aided greatly by eight matches (including five featuring hosts Brazil) held in the newly built Maracanã, set a record that would not be broken until 1994. However, it is commonly translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[1][22] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". [96] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [11] It tops the rank of absence of terrorism, a unique position within South America. [22] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. Italy, Austria, and other countries that had been involved in World War II as allies of Germany and Japan were able to participate in qualification. [55], Note: .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}, Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [22], Uruguay has a largely uniform temperature throughout the year, with summers being tempered by winds off the Atlantic; severe cold in winter is unknown. [22][23] The rankings for the 1950 tournament were as follows: A 1950 Brazilian stamp promoting the tournament. [11] On a per-capita basis, Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions than any other country.
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