The Government of Montenegro is the executive branch of government authority of Montenegro. Agricultural land covers 37% of the total national territory of Montenegro. The diversity of the geological base, landscape, climate, and soil, and the position of Montenegro on the Balkan Peninsula and Adriatic Sea, created the conditions for high biological diversity, putting Montenegro among the "hot-spots" of European and world biodiversity. Montenegro has an upper middle-income economy; ranking very high in the Human Development Index. Montenegro ist ein im europäischen Vergleich relativ dünn besiedeltes, waldreiches Gebirgsland im südöstlichen Teil des Dinarischen Gebirges. Montenegrin national football team, founded in 2006, played in playoffs for UEFA Euro 2012, which is the biggest success in the history of the national team. Furthermore, the report stated that the competitive pre-referendum environment was marked by an active and generally peaceful campaign and that "there were no reports of restrictions on fundamental civil and political rights.". The number of "Montenegrins" and "Serbs" fluctuates widely from census to census due to changes in how people perceive, experience, or choose to express, their identity and ethnic affiliation. The coastal area is traditionally a representative of Mediterranean cuisine, with seafood being a common dish, while the northern represents more the Oriental. [16][17] Duklja gained its independence from the Byzantine Roman Empire in 1042. On EE24 you could find 10020 properties for sale in country Montenegro. Montenegro has both a picturesque coast and a mountainous northern region. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nicholas I was Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori ("To Our Beautiful Montenegro"). Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The native name Crna Gora, also meaning "black mountain" or "black hill", was mentioned for the first time in a charter issued by Stefan Milutin. Based on the decision of the EU Ministerial Council of 15 September 2006, a political dialogue was established at ministerial level between the Government of Montenegro and the EU institutions. Montenegro, map Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Stari Bar. Large portions fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire from 1496 to 1878. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". Yet, the Yugoslav wars that were fought in neighbouring countries during the 1990s crippled the tourist industry and damaged the image of Montenegro for years. Pressured by Italians and Chetniks, the core of the Montenegrin Partisans went to Serbia and Bosnia, where they joined with other Yugoslav Partisans. Most of them went on to join the Yugoslav Partisans, consisting of communists and those inclined towards active resistance; these included Arso Jovanović, Sava Kovačević, Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo, Milovan Đilas, Peko Dapčević, Vlado Dapčević, Veljko Vlahović, and Blažo Jovanović. There is a domestic branch line, the Nikšić-Podgorica railway, which was operated as a freight-only line for decades, and is now also open for passenger traffic after the reconstruction and electrification works in 2012. Seit 2006 haben sich die Beziehungen zwischen der EU und dem souveränen, unabhängigen Montenegro weiter vertieft. More than 700 European agencies and private sellers. [23] The aforementioned region became known as Stara Crna Gora 'Old Montenegro' by the 19th century to distinguish the independent region from the neighbouring Ottoman-occupied Montenegrin territory of Brda '(The) Highlands'. At the 2012 Olympic Games in London, Montenegro women's national handball team won the country's first Olympic medal by winning silver. The event is held in the frame of BLUE LAND project - Participatory model for the sustainable management of marine and coastal resources and for … Elementary education in Montenegro is free and compulsory for all the children between the ages of 7 and 15 when children attend the "eight-year school". [22] It came to denote the majority of contemporary Montenegro in the 15th century. Colleges (Fakultet) and art academies (akademija umjetnosti) last between 4 and 6 years (one year is two semesters long) and award diplomas equivalent to a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science degree. It is Montenegro's largest lake and is shared with Albania. His Nero Wolfe novel The Black Mountain was largely set in Montenegro during the 1950s. In 2006, the Basketball Federation of Montenegro along with this team joined the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) on its own, following the Independence of Montenegro. Italian forces occupied Montenegro and established it as a puppet Kingdom of Montenegro. Montenegro has been historically at the crossroads of multiculturalism and over centuries this has shaped its unique form of co-existence between Muslim and Christian populations. Also, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian are recognized in usage. The Agreement was unanimously supported by all parliamentary parties and ratified in the Parliament of Montenegro on 13 November 2007. This forced the Great Powers to officially demarcate the borders between Montenegro and Ottoman Empire, de facto recognizing Montenegro's independence. After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, Partisans managed to take hold of most of Montenegro for a brief time, but Montenegro was soon occupied by German forces, and fierce fighting continued during late 1943 and entire 1944. That said, Podgorica offers a cheaper cost-of-living, better options for year-round rentals and an expat community that’s focused on more than just lying on the beach. On 15 October 2007 Montenegro signed a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) and an Interim Agreement on trade and trade-related issues. The Montenegrin coastal region is especially well known for its religious monuments, including the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Kotor[105] (Cattaro under the Venetians), the basilica of St. Luke (over 800 years), Our Lady of the Rocks (Škrpjela), the Savina Monastery and others. Parlamentet beslutade den 12 juli 2004 att införa en ny flagga, ny nationalsång och ny nationaldag som ett steg mot ökad självständighet. A little more than one-fourth of Albanians are Catholics (8,126 in the 2004 census) while the other three-fourths (22,267) are mainly Sunni Muslims; in 2012 a protocol passed that recognizes Islam as an official religion in Montenegro, ensures that halal foods will be served at military facilities, hospitals, dormitories and all social facilities; and that Muslim women will be permitted to wear headscarves in schools and at public institutions, as well as ensuring that Muslims have the right to take Fridays off work for the Jumu'ah (Friday)-prayer. [94][95] Major ethnic groups include Montenegrins (Црногорци/Crnogorci) and Serbs (Срби/Srbi); others are Bosniaks (Bošnjaci), Albanians (Albanci – Shqiptarët) and Croats (Hrvati). In 1910, the country became a kingdom. Its capital became Podgorica, renamed Titograd in honour of President Josip Broz Tito. It was not until the 2000s that the tourism industry began to recover, and the country has since experienced a high rate of growth in the number of visits and overnight stays. The Constitution of Montenegro guarantees freedom of speech. Initially built in 1906, the port was almost completely destroyed during World War II, with reconstruction beginning in 1950. The IROM—in its preliminary report—"assessed compliance of the referendum process with OSCE commitments, Council of Europe commitments, other international standards for democratic electoral processes, and domestic legislation." The military of Montenegro is a fully professional standing army under the Ministry of Defence and is composed of the Montenegrin Ground Army, the Montenegrin Navy, and the Montenegrin Air Force, along with special forces. FDI falls across West Balkans, except Montenegro. The other branch line from Podgorica towards the Albanian border, the Podgorica–Shkodër railway, is not in use. These activities are pursued in close cooperation with other state administration authorities, the President, the Speaker of the Parliament, and other relevant stakeholders. notornu činjenicu da je katolicizam na crnogorskom prostoru autohton još od vremena dinastije Vojislavljevića, "Part of historians in interpreting this process, consciously omits the obvious fact that Catholicism in Montenegrin territory has been indigenous since the time of the Vojislavljevic dynasty", Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral, referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia in 1992, Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006, permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty, International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, Montenegrin Ministry of Education and Science, Montenegro men's national water polo team, 2008 Men's European Water Polo Championship, Montenegro women's national handball team, "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011", "Crna Gora: Lideri nove većine dogovorili ekspertsku Vladu", "Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey", https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montenegro/, "ISO 3166-1 Newsletter No. Conscription was abolished in 2006. From 1392, numerous parts of the territory that is now Montenegro were controlled by Republic of Venice, including the city of Budva, in that time known as "Budua". The government is headed by the Prime Minister, and consists of the deputy prime ministers as well as ministers. Montenegro is a Balkan OPM that does not exist in 1444 except for their core on Zeta, but exists after 1451, save for 1499-1515. Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence in the Government by a simple majority. [51][52], As of late December 2019, the newly adopted Law on Religion, which de jure transfers the ownership of church buildings and estates built before 1918 from the Serbian Orthodox Church to the Montenegrin state,[53][54] sparked a series of large[55] protests followed with road blockages. [84] However, the significant dependence of the Montenegrin economy on foreign direct investment leaves it susceptible to external shocks and a high export/import trade deficit. Other sports involved are boxing, tennis, swimming, judo, karate, athletics, table tennis, and chess. The country's English name derives from Venetian and translates as "Black Mountain", deriving from the appearance of Mount Lovćen when covered in dense evergreen forests. The Interim Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2008. [106][107] The traditional folk dance of the Montenegrins is the Oro, the "eagle dance" that involves dancing in circles with couples alternating in the centre, and is finished by forming a human pyramid by dancers standing on each other's shoulders. Grand Duke Mirko Petrović, elder brother of Knjaz Danilo, led an army of 7,500 and defeated the numerically superior Ottomans with 15,000 troops at Grahovac on 1 May 1858. Professional schools (Stručna škola / Стручна школа) last for three or four years and specialize students in certain fields which may result in their attending college; professional schools offer a relatively broad education. #2 of 47 Sights & Landmarks in Kotor. The first Montenegrin constitution (also known as the Danilo Code) was proclaimed in 1855. Artificial development in Montenegro is getting more and more intensive, with an annual artificial land take rateof 0,55%, it became one of the fastest in Europe. [85] There are 50,000 farming households in Montenegro that rely on agriculture to fill the family budget.[86]. They lost in the final to defending World, Olympic and European Champions, Norway 26–23. [50], The Montenegrin anti-corruption protests began in February 2019 against the incumbent President Milo Đukanović and the Prime Minister Duško Marković-led government of the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), which has been in power since 1991. The great assembly of Montenegrin clans (Zbor) was held every year on 12 July in Cetinje, and any adult clansman could take part. Montenegro finds itself at heart of tensions with Russia as it joins Nato: Alliance that bombed country only 18 years ago welcomes it as 29th member in move that has left its citizens divided, МИД РФ: ответ НАТО на предложения российских военных неконкретный и размытый, Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России в связи с голосованием в Скупщине Черногории по вопросу присоединения к НАТО, Darmanović: Montenegro becomes EU member in 2022, "EU to map out membership for 6 western Balkan states", "Thousands march in Montenegro capital to demand president resign", "Montenegrin Antigovernment Protests Enter Eighth Week", "Serbs Protest in Montenegro Ahead of Vote on Religious Law", "Montenegro's Attack on Church Property Will Create Lawless Society", "Montenegro Adopts Law on Religious Rights Amid Protests by pro-Serbs", "Montenegro's parliament approves religion law despite protests", "Several Thousand Protest Church Bill in Montenegro", "Thousands at protest headed by Bishop Amfilohije in Montenegrin capital", Kako se Crna Gora našla u "hibridnim režimima", Freedom in the World—Montenegro Country Report, "How the use of ethnonationalism backfired in Montenegro", "First kilometer deep cave explored by Czech team | ZO 6-14 Suchy Zleb", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Nation in Transit 2020: Dropping the Democratic Facade", "Who is the opposition alliance that won Montenegro's election? The Ottoman Empire recognized independence of Montenegro in the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Its European perspective was reaffirmed by the Council in June 2006 after the recognition of the country's independence by EU Member States. In 2018, the earlier goal of acceding by 2022[49] was revised to 2025. It rehabilitated the Royal House of Montenegro and recognized limited symbolic roles within the constitutional framework of the republic. Accession of Montenegro to the European Union (EU) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU. The European Commission has acknowledged that Montenegro has made significant progress toward opening talks on EU membership and voiced support and gave recommendation for its candidate status on 9 November 2010 and on 17 December 2010 the European Union granted Montenegro the official status of candidate country. In the Battle of Vučji Do Montenegrins inflicted major defeat to the Ottoman Army under Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. The Port of Bar is Montenegro's main seaport. Application data last refreshed 07 April 2021 11:45 AM.Version info eeacms/esbootstrap:v3.0.16 and tag version v3.0.16 on elastic-app-CaR-api-esapp-1. The American author Rex Stout wrote a long series of detective novels featuring his fictional creation Nero Wolfe, who was born in Montenegro. It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. Montenegrin is the plurality mother-tongue of the population under 18 years of age. During the 1991–1995 Bosnian War and Croatian War, Montenegrin police and military forces joined Serbian troops in the attacks on Dubrovnik, Croatia. Construction of new motorways is considered a national priority, as they are important for uniform regional economic development and the development of Montenegro as an attractive tourist destination. [62][63] For the first time in three decades, in the 2020 parliamentary election, the opposition won more votes than Đukanović's ruling party.[64]. [46][47][48], Montenegro has been in negotiations with the EU since 2012. Ivan Jovović, 2013, Dvooltarske crkve na crnogorskom primorju {Dio istoričara u tumačenju ovog procesa svjesno izostavlja The Venetian territory was centered on the Bay of Kotor, and the Republic also introduced governors who meddled in Montenegrin politics. Prices from € 30 till € 80 000 000. After King Bodin's death (in 1101 or 1108), several civil wars ensued. The official residence of the President is in Cetinje. Its borders have changed little since then, losing Metohija and gaining the Bay of Kotor. The Montenegro national basketball team is also known for good performances and had won a lot of medals in the past as part of the Yugoslavia national basketball team. The second strategic and equally important goal, but one attainable in a shorter time span, was joining NATO, which would guarantee stability and security for pursuing other strategic goals. Most clans had a chieftain (knez), who was not permitted to assume the title unless he proved to be as worthy a leader as his predecessor. The political skills of Abdul Hamid II and Nicholas I played a major role in the mutually amicable relations. The Constitution of Montenegro describes the state as a "civic, democratic, ecological state of social justice, based on the reign of Law. According to the International Monetary Fund, the nominal GDP of Montenegro was $5.424 billion in 2019. Unexpectedly, the uprising took hold, and by 20 July, 32,000 men and women had joined the fight. [13] Podgorica, the capital and largest city, covers 10.4% of Montenegro's territory of 13,812 square kilometres (5,333 sq mi), and is home to roughly 30% of its total population. The lowest point in Montenegro is the Adriatic Sea at 0 m. Municipalities of Montenegro Map Higher schools (Viša škola) lasts between two and four years. The Communist Party and its Youth League organised 6,000 of its members into detachments prepared for guerrilla warfare. The Montenegrin team PVK Primorac from Kotor became a champion of Europe at the LEN Euroleague 2009 in Rijeka, Croatia. [34] The influence of Orthodox, Ottoman (Turk), Slavic, Central European, and seafaring Adriatic cultures (notably parts of Italy, like the Republic of Venice) have been the most important in recent centuries. Montenegro is a candidate country for membership of the EU. In 1910 Montenegro became a kingdom, and as a result of the Balkan wars in 1912 and 1913 (in which the Ottomans lost most of their Balkan lands), a common border with Serbia was established, with Shkodër being awarded to a newly created Albania, though the current capital city of Montenegro, Podgorica, was on the old border of Albania and Yugoslavia. The culture of Montenegro has been shaped by a variety of influences throughout history. Herceg Novi has the best beaches, two of which were awarded blue flags, … Chetniks with Italian backing controlled most of the country from mid-1942 to April 1943. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together proclaimed a federation. The arable land in Montenegro accounted for about 17.2% of the country's total territory as of 2015. Its European perspective was reaffirmed by the Council in June 2006 after the recognition of the country's independence by … As the breakup of Yugoslavia occurred, the SRCG was renamed to the Republic of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Република Црна Гора / Republika Crna Gora) on 27 April 1992 within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by removing the adjective "socialist" from the republic's title. With a total of 1.6 million visitors, Montenegro is the 36th most visited country (out of 47 countries) in Europe. In the 16th century, Montenegro developed a unique form of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire permitting Montenegrin clans freedom from certain restrictions. Search for houses, apartments, villas and much more. In the referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia in 1992, the turnout was 66%, with 96% of the votes cast in favour of the federation with Serbia. [citation needed], In 2019, the Freedom House reported that years of increasing state capture, abuse of power, and strongman tactics employed by the President Đukanović have tipped his country over the edge — for the first time since 2003, Montenegro is no longer categorized as democracy and became a hybrid regime. “I arrived by cruise ship to the beautiful … The plain stops abruptly in the north, where Mount Lovćen and Mount Orjen plunge into the inlet of the Bay of Kotor. A total of 419,240 votes were cast, representing 86.5% of the total electorate; 230,661 votes (55.5%) were for independence and 185,002 votes (44.5%) were against. In 2004, the Montenegrin legislature selected a popular Montenegrin traditional song, "Oh, Bright Dawn of May", as the national anthem. The second largest religion is Islam, which amounts to 19% of the total population of the country. For other uses, see, Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFine1994 (. There is a yacht marina, Porto Montenegro, and a new modern residential complex 7 kilometres away from Tivat. The results of the 2011 census show that Montenegro had 620,029 citizens. Post-graduate education (post-diplomske studije) is offered after tertiary level and offers Masters' degrees, PhD and specialization education. Montenegro applied for a Membership Action Plan on 5 November 2008, which was granted in December 2009. When released they start off next to the Ottomans which is the biggest challenge that Montenegro will face for most of the game. After the Serbian Empire collapsed in the second half of the 14th century, the most powerful Zetan family, the Balšićs, became sovereigns of Zeta. According to the 2011 Census the following languages are spoken in the country:[93]. [citation needed] On the current flag, the border and arms are in gold and the royal cipher in the centre of the arms has been replaced with a golden lion. Diplomatic relations between Montenegro and the European Union are conducted through the Mission of Montenegro to the EU in Brussels, which has been fully functional since 2006, and the EU Delegation to Montenegro in Podgorica, which opened in November 2007. Its power started declining at the beginning of the 12th century. At the 2003 Thessaloniki Summit the European perspective of the Western Balkans countries was confirmed, and in July of the same year the Enhanced Permanent Dialogue was established as a regular consultation mechanism between Montenegro and the EU. Serbia, the member-states of the European Union, and the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council all recognised Montenegro's independence. Montenegro is a candidate country for membership of the EU. The priorities set forth in this document have been incorporated into the Action Plan for Implementation of Recommendations from the European Partnership adopted by the Government in May 2007. The northern mountainous region is the largest agricultural region i… Fighters who remained under arms fractured into two groups. Religious determination according to the 2011 census:[93]. "Montenegro's leader sees slow economic recovery", "EU Farming Standards Pose Test For Montenegro", "The European capital you'd never thought to visit (but really should)", "10 Top Hot Spots of 2009 by Yahoo Travel", "America Sending their Best Adventure Racers to Montenegro", "Montenegro: The money came and went – and Romani families are still unhoused", "Pilgrims Flock to Ostrog, Montenegro's Healing Shrine", Rifat Fejzic, the reis (president) of the Islamic community in Montenegro, https://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/53/06%20ivan%20jovovic.pdf, "Чојство и јнаштво старих Црногораца, Цетиње 1968. A dimension of Montenegrin culture is the ethical ideal of Čojstvo i Junaštvo, "Humaneness and Gallantry". In the Battle of Mojkovac fought in January 1916 between Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegrins achieved decisive victory despite being outnumbered five to one. GDP grew at 10.7% in 2007 and 7.5% in 2008. The aim of the supported actions is to reinforce inclusive civic participation in public policy, Montenegro: Informal exploratory talks for association to Horizon Europe, Upon a formal expression of interest of Montenegro to re-associate to the EU Research & Innovation Framework Programme, the European Commission and Montenegro are currently engaged in exploratory talks to prepare the negotiations for association to Horizon Europe. For a short time, Montenegro existed as a separate autonomous sanjak in 1514–1528 (Sanjak of Montenegro). Darunter gilt die Tara -Schlucht als tiefste Schlucht Europas. National Geographic Traveler (edited once a decade) ranks Montenegro among the "50 Places of a Lifetime", and the Montenegrin seaside Sveti Stefan was used as the cover for the magazine. It is bounded by the Adriatic Sea and Croatia (southwest), Bosnia and Herzegovina (northwest), Serbia (northeast), Kosovo (east), and Albania (southeast). The consent to the Agreement was given by the European Parliament on 13 December 2007.The Interim Agreement allows Montenegro and the EU to benefit from the trade parts of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement while the agreement itself is still being ratified. Despite an extensive road network, no roads are built to full motorway standards.
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