The area, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has been branded "the Cradle of Humankind". JM Coetzee won the Nobel Prize for Literature, in 2003. It has 2.5 million speakers and is taught in schools. The land (at approximately 400–500 m above sea level) between two of these ranges of fold mountains in the south (i.e. Readers Digest Association, Cape Town. They have been joined by black or white South African converts as well as those from other parts of Africa. [94][95] The greater Cape Town metropolitan area is situated on the Cape Peninsula and is home to 3.7 million people according to the 2011 population census. [80] Nevertheless, as South Africa continues to grapple with racial issues, one of the proposed solutions has been to pass legislation, such as the pending Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill, to uphold South Africa's ban on racism and commitment to equality. In 1939, the party split over the entry of the Union into World War II as an ally of the United Kingdom, a move which the National Party followers strongly opposed. There are eleven official names of South Africa, one in each of its eleven official languages. Other notable exceptions are the film Tsotsi, which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards in 2006, as well as U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha, which won the Golden Bear at the 2005 Berlin International Film Festival. Different methods of transport in South Africa include roads, railways, airports, water, and pipelines for petroleum oil. South Africa has three capital cities: executive Pretoria, judicial Bloemfontein and legislative Cape Town. The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape floristic region, one of the six floral kingdoms, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, making it among the richest regions on earth in terms of plant diversity. [13] The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (White South Africans), Asian (Indian South Africans), and Multiracial (Coloured South Africans) ancestry. It is often referred to as an 'enclave of South Africa' because it is surrounded by the larger nation. Free State is a South African province located in the center of the country. Atlas of Southern Africa. [13] According to the 2011 census, the two most spoken first languages are Zulu (22.7%) and Xhosa (16.0%). [161], After 1994, government policy brought down inflation, stabilised public finances, and some foreign capital was attracted, however growth was still subpar. [80] Competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing has led to tension between refugees and host communities. They have been marginalised to a great extent, and the remainder of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct. [220], According to the 2015 UNAIDS Report, South Africa has an estimated seven million people living with HIV – more than any other country in the world. [160] World Bank research shows that South Africa has one of the widest gaps between per capita GDP versus its Human Development Index (HDI) ranking, with only Botswana showing a larger gap. Since 2004, South Africa has had many thousands of popular protests, some violent, making it, according to one academic, the "most protest-rich country in the world". Even so, these numbers make the Jewish community in South Africa the twelfth largest in the world. They went on to win the tournament again in 2007 and in 2019. Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm (1883) was a revelation in Victorian literature: it is heralded by many as introducing feminism into the novel form. Numerous mammals are found in the Bushveld including lions, African leopards, South African cheetahs, southern white rhinos, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamuses and South African giraffes. [31] There followed species including Australopithecus sediba, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo rhodesiensis, Homo helmei, Homo naledi and modern humans (Homo sapiens). [139] The 2019 Johannesburg riots were similar in nature and origin to the 2008 xenophobic riots that also occurred in Johannesburg.[140]. Pronounce it IEM … South Africa - South Africa - Languages: The Black African population is heterogeneous, falling mainly into four linguistic categories. The name Namib itself is of Nama origin and means "vast place". In association with The Department of Health and the NHI between the Outeniqua and Langeberg ranges to the south and the Swartberg range to the north) is known as the Little Karoo,[87] which consists of semi-desert scrubland similar to that of the Great Karoo, except that its northern strip along the foothills of the Swartberg Mountains, has a somewhat higher rainfall and is, therefore, more cultivated than the Great Karoo. SiSwati (also known as Swati, Swazi or Siswati) is a Bantu language of the Nguni Group, spoken in Eswatini and South Africa. Other sites include Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave, Kromdraai, Coopers Cave and Malapa. When awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy stated that Coetzee "in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider."[232]. The Free State is particularly flat because it lies centrally on the high plateau. The Cape Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate, making it and its immediate surrounds the only portion of Africa south of the Sahara which receives most of its rainfall in winter. South Africa has also produced numerous world class rugby players, including Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, and Bryan Habana. It hosts the Southern African Large Telescope, the largest optical telescope in the Southern Hemisphere. [165] Due to the aridity of the land, only 13.5% can be used for crop production, and only 3% is considered high potential land. In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias led the first European voyage to land in southern Africa. Over 27,000 Boer women and children died in the British concentration camps. South Africa is often referred to as the "rainbow nation" to describe the country's multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid.[17]. The country is a member of the Group of 77 and chaired the organisation in 2006. South Africa has a generally temperate climate because it is surrounded by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on three sides, because it is located in the climatically milder Southern Hemisphere, and because its average elevation rises steadily toward the north (toward the equator) and further inland. South Africa is a developing country and ranks at 114th on the Human Development Index, the seventh-highest in Africa. The Republic of South Africa is a country in the southern region of Africa. The struggle to control these important economic resources was a factor in relations between Europeans and the indigenous population and also between the Boers and the British.[51]. [199] It is the second most commonly spoken language outside of the household, after Zulu.[200]. [185], The eastern parts of South Africa suffer from periodic droughts linked to the El Niño weather phenomenon. The grass and thorn savannah turns slowly into a bush savannah towards the north-east of the country, with denser growth. One of the first well known novels written by a black author in an African language was Solomon Thekiso Plaatje's Mhudi, written in 1930. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life. The most southerly portion of this coastal belt is known as the Swartland and Malmesbury Plain, which is an important wheat growing region, relying on winter rains. [9] Although English is recognised as the language of commerce and science, it is only the fourth most common home language, that of only 9.6% of South Africans in 2011; nevertheless, it has become the de facto lingua franca of the nation. As a concession to the Westminster system, the appointment of the president remained an appointment by parliament, and virtually powerless until P. W. Botha's Constitution Act of 1983, which eliminated the office of Prime Minister and instated a near-unique "strong presidency" responsible to parliament. The remaining two languages are Venda and Tsonga. Why would the official abbreviation come from the country's name in Dutch? The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was created in 1994,[146][147] as an all-volunteer military composed of the former South African Defence Force, the forces of the African nationalist groups (uMkhonto we Sizwe and Azanian People's Liberation Army), and the former Bantustan defence forces. However, all ten other official languages are represented to some extent or another. The Dutch-influenced folk art of the Afrikaner trekboers and the urban white artists, earnestly following changing European traditions from the 1850s onwards, also contributed to this eclectic mix which continues to evolve today. Approximately 51,2% (approximately 30 million) of the population is female. Although few South African film productions are known outside South Africa itself, many foreign films have been produced about South Africa. [45] The Boers formed loose militias, which they termed commandos, and forged alliances with Khoisan peoples to repel Xhosa raids. See also [124] The first European based law in South Africa was brought by the Dutch East India Company and is called Roman-Dutch law. Official Name: Republic of South Africa short form: South Africa former: Union of South Africa. South Africa's official Coronavirus (Covid-19)online news and information portal. The last census was held in 2011, with a more recent intercensal national survey conducted in 2016. [97] The Prince Edward Islands have colder average annual temperatures, but Buffelsfontein has colder extremes. The interior of South Africa consists of a vast, in most places almost flat, plateau with an altitude of between 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and 2,100 m (6,900 ft), highest in the east and sloping gently downwards towards the west and north, and slightly less noticeably so to the south and south-west. [116] The President appoints a Deputy President and Ministers, who form the Cabinet which consists of Departments. The Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, signed by Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Harry Schwarz in 1974, enshrined the principles of peaceful transition of power and equality for all, the first of such agreements by black and white political leaders in South Africa. This is because the government is based … With over 59 million people, it is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles). For centuries South Africa’s official languages were European – … South Africa is currently building the Karoo Array Telescope as a pathfinder for the €1.5 billion Square Kilometre Array project. 'free citizens'), former company employees who stayed in Dutch territories overseas after serving their contracts. [186] In early 2018, Cape Town, which has different weather patterns to the rest of the country,[186] faced a water crisis as the city's water supply was predicted to run dry before the end of June. South Africa first won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, which it hosted. [32][33], Settlements of Bantu-speaking peoples, who were iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen, were already present south of the Limpopo River (now the northern border with Botswana and Zimbabwe) by the 4th or 5th century CE (see Bantu expansion). Pressured by other Commonwealth of Nations countries, South Africa withdrew from the organisation in 1961 and rejoined it only in 1994. The original temperate forest found by the first European settlers was exploited ruthlessly until only small patches remained. [125] In the year ended March 2017, there were 20,336 murders and the murder rate was 35.9 per 100,000 – over five times higher than the global average of 6.2 per 100,000. [196] These populations mainly lived in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban, Cape Town, and Port Elizabeth. [129] Many emigrants from South Africa also state that crime was a major factor in their decision to leave. The legislature elects a Premier as head of government, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council as a provincial cabinet. Before its independence in 1990, the area was known first as German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika), then as South-West Africa, reflecting the colonial occupation by the Germans and the South Africans. His King, John II, renamed the point Cabo da Boa Esperança, or Cape of Good Hope, as it led to the riches of the East Indies. Since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. While whites enjoyed the highest standard of living in all of Africa, comparable to First World Western nations, the black majority remained disadvantaged by almost every standard, including income, education, housing, and life expectancy. Note the course of the Great Escarpment to the north of these mountain ranges.) [130] Crime against the farming community has continued to be a major problem. It is also a founding member of the AU's New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). Table Mountain, one of the iconic landmarks of South Africa, is one of the oldest mountains in the … This was followed in the 19th century by English law, both common and statutory. [222] In 2018, HIV prevalence—the percentage of people living with HIV—among adults (15–49 years) was 20.4% and in the same year 71000 people died from an AIDS-related illness. [211], The adult literacy rate in 2007 was 88.7%. [81][82], South Africa is located at the southernmost region of Africa, with a long coastline that stretches more than 2,500 km (1,553 mi) and along two oceans (the South Atlantic and the Indian). Muslims accounted for 1.5% of the population, Hindus 1.2%,[205] traditional African religion 0.3% and Judaism 0.2%. Council for Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa. Taking Canada's Indian Act as a framework,[61] the nationalist government classified all peoples into three races and developed rights and limitations for each. In 1934, the South African Party and National Party merged to form the United Party, seeking reconciliation between Afrikaners and English-speaking whites. They displaced, conquered and absorbed the original Khoisan speakers, the Khoikhoi and San peoples. There are around 130 different species of Protea in South Africa. [132], South Africa has a high rape rate, with 43,195 rapes reported in 2014/15, and an unknown number of sexual assaults going unreported. The two major historic groups were the Xhosa and Zulu peoples. Upon formation, the country was named the Union of South Africa in English and Unie van Zuid-Afrika in Dutch, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Afrikaans music covers multiple genres, such as the contemporary Steve Hofmeyr, the punk rock band Fokofpolisiekar, and the singer-songwriter Jeremy Loops. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. A negotiation process followed. [180], The Human Rights Watch reported on 26 August 2019 about foreign national truck drivers being subjected to deadly attacks carried out by South African truck drivers. The coastal belt below the south and south-western stretches of the Great Escarpment contains several ranges of Cape Fold Mountains which run parallel to the coast, separating the Great Escarpment from the ocean. [39] Dutch interest was aroused after 1647, when two employees of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) were shipwrecked at the Cape for several months. New forms of art evolved in the mines and townships: a dynamic art using everything from plastic strips to bicycle spokes. On 31 May 1961, the country became a republic following a referendum (only open to white voters) which narrowly passed;[63] the British-dominated Natal province largely voted against the proposal. South Africa has played a key role as a mediator in African conflicts over the last decade, such as in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Comoros, and Zimbabwe. Ultimately, FW de Klerk opened bilateral discussions with Nelson Mandela in 1993 for a transition of policies and government. If your name is selected, you could win free travel for a year. [151] In 2017, South Africa signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.[153]. This intensified British efforts to gain control over the indigenous peoples. There is great diversity in South African music. The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1884 in the interior started the Mineral Revolution and increased economic growth and immigration. [109] The country's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan does not mention fungi (including lichen-forming fungi). Only 15% of South African jobs are in the informal sector, compared with around half in Brazil and India and nearly three-quarters in Indonesia. There are significant numbers of baobab trees in this area, near the northern end of Kruger National Park.[111]. (1984). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. [39] They also sowed vegetables in the fertile soil. The South African media sector is large, and South Africa is one of Africa's major media centres. [43] Some of the earliest mixed race communities in the country were formed between vrijburgers, enslaved people, and indigenous peoples. It has been in power ever since. The KwaZulu-Natal–Lesotho international border is formed by the highest portion of the Great Escarpment, or Drakensberg, which reaches an altitude of over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). As the Union of South Africa, the country was a founding member of the UN. From April 2017 to March 2018, on average 57 murders were committed each day in South Africa. Nelson Mandela. Free State … Zuma asserted that BRICS member countries would also work with each other through the UN, the Group of Twenty (G20) and the India, Brazil South Africa (IBSA) forum.[145]. The South African Football Association was incorporated on 23 March 1991 following a long unity process that was to rid the sport in South Africa of all its past racial division. [71] Poverty among whites, which was previously rare, increased.
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